❶ Evolution Of Perm

Only a few are content with what nature has endowed them with. The overwhelming majority strives for an ideal that is known to be unattainable. Owners of curly hair tend to straighten them, and those whom nature has awarded with straight, armed with curlers and a curling iron, create curls and curls. Permanent or chemical wave allows you to change the image for a longer time. Location: Location:

From the history of perm

The hot method of curling hair was created in 1905 by Karl Nessler, an English hairdressing master. On October 5, 1906, an invention called "permanent wave" was first presented to the general public. The model was Nessler's wife Katrina, who sat for five hours with brass rollers fixed to her head, heated to a hundred degrees. The new method was considered contrary to the interests of hairdressers and was not immediately recognized. In 1908, the inventor received a patent for his creation, and curling gradually began to be used in several salons. Initially, her method was very primitive - crude hand heaters, each of which weighed about 900 grams. A more sophisticated ceiling apparatus, equipped with two large electric heaters, appeared in 1908. A curling procedure that lasted about 10 hourslater, as the apparatus improved, it began to take six, four, two hours.

Nessler's electric apparatus, which appeared on the market in 1910, twisted hair in a spiral. It was further improved by Józef Maier, a hairdresser from Karlovy Vary, who applied a flat winding system. The disadvantages of electrical devices, such as prolonged immobility of the client and the risk of electric shock, contributed to the gradual abandonment of their use. An alternative was a compress permanent, based on a gradual decrease in the initial temperature, which, depending on the type of hair and the desired effect, ranged from 120 to 160 degrees. The next step was the invention of the cold method of chemical perm, carried out using rollers of various thicknesses wound on the hair. Thus, the problem of burns and bulkiness of the equipment for the procedure was solved. Besides,now the permanent has become available for owners of short hair.

The warm method familiar to modern women, combining the advantages of “cold” and “hot” permanent, was invented in the 50s of the last century. The advantages of this method are the absence of high temperatures and strong chemicals that can seriously damage the hair.