❶ Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Hemorrhoids appear as a result of impaired blood circulation in the plexus of the vessels of the rectum. An inflammatory process is formed, thrombosis, varicose veins occur. All this leads to bleeding, discomfort. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, the disease can progress, which invariably leads to serious negative consequences. Location: Location: The reasons for the development of hemorrhoids include chronic constipation, impaired venous circulation, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Often, hemorrhoids appear with violations of the rectal function, adhesions, with the abuse of alcoholic beverages, chronic inflammatory and bacterial diseases of the pelvic organs. During pregnancy, the fetus presses on all organs,which often leads to impaired blood circulation and the development of hemorrhoids.

The first symptoms of hemorrhoids are: discomfort, itching, burning, mucus from the anal passage. As the disease progresses, the internal nodes fall out, the act of defecation causes pain and profuse bleeding, which leads to anemia and general exhaustion.

At the first signs of hemorrhoids or at manifestations of discomfort in the rectal area, you should immediately consult a proctologist in order to undergo a complete medical examination and receive recommendations for treatment.

Examination methods include rectoscopy, colonoscopy, irrigoscopy, palpation, anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy. Treatment is prescribed based on the results of the examination. The earlier it is started, the less the consequences and indications for surgery will be.

If the disease is diagnosed, first of all, the doctor will prescribe adherence to a diet that helps to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract and systematic defecation. The patient should consume plenty of fluids and foods rich in natural fiber and fiber. Seaweed, flaxseed, wheat bran, plantain seeds have a beneficial effect on intestinal function.

In addition, hemorrhoids are treated with drugs that relieve pain, itching, and inflammation. Prescribe candles, ointments, microclysters. Be sure to prescribe means to normalize the intestinal microflora, the contractile function of the colon, enzyme agents, venotonic drugs. If the patient is worried about severe pain, the doctor will prescribe local combined anesthetic pharmaceuticals: "Gepatrombin G", "Proctoglyvenol", "Aurobin".

In the presence of thrombosis, which is almost always present, heparin or troxerutin ointment is prescribed. Heavy bleeding is stopped by injecting thrombin or fibrinogen into the rectum, which form a fibrin film and help stop and prevent excessive blood loss.

In the early stages of the disease, sclerotherapy and infrared photocoagulation are used. In later stages, the knots are tied with latex rings to prevent prolapse. If all the methods used have not had a positive effect, surgical treatment is performed with excision of the nodes.